House of Tradition
“The inherited order — faith, crown, custom — holds a wisdom no single generation possesses.”
Where, ultimately, does legitimate authority reside?
AIn a sacred order, revealed or natural.
What should the relationship between religion and political power be?
APower should be exercised by representatives of the faith.
TheocracyGod reigns through His ministers.BThrone and altar united, yet distinct.
TraditionalismOrder comes before us.CFaith should shape the culture, not govern the state.
Religious conservatismFaith shapes culture; culture shapes politics.
BIn the hereditary crown, as the continuity of history.
What power should the monarch hold?
AFull power, unshared with assemblies.
Legitimist monarchismOne king, one law, one faith.BA moderating power, above parties, under a constitution.
Constitutional monarchismThe king reigns but does not rule.CKing of a decentralised order of charters, regions and corporations.
Traditionalist monarchismKing, charters and altar.DA sovereign-manager of a small, efficient state, run like a company.
NeoreactionGovernment as company, citizen as customer.
CIn inherited institutions, prudently reformed.
What matters most to conserve?
AThe free market and liberty under law.
Liberal conservatismConserving liberty.BThe community, the nation and its customs.
Burkean conservatismReform in order to conserve.CRural life, the land and small communities.
AgrarianismThe land forms character.
House of Order
“Without firm authority and unity, no society survives or prospers.”
What justifies strong political power?
AThe unity and survival of the nation.
What should the nation's regime be?
ARepresentative democracy with firm national sovereignty.
National conservatismThe nation as inheritance and destiny.BA strong leader, legitimised by plebiscites, above the parties.
BonapartismThe people acclaim, the chief decides.CGovernment of the people against the elites, with a welfare state for nationals.
National populismThe people against the elites.DA one-party corporate state.
National corporatismEverything within the state, nothing outside it.
BEfficiency and development.
Who should steer development?
AExperts, according to technical criteria.
TechnocracyTo govern is to solve problems.BA planning state that guides industry and credit.
DevelopmentalismThe state as engine of progress.CThe most able and virtuous, selected on merit.
Political meritocracyRule by the most able and virtuous.
CThe moral and religious salvation of society.
TheocracyGod reigns through His ministers.
House of Community
“The person flourishes only in concrete communities: family, neighbourhood, trade, nature.”
Which intermediate body matters most?
AThe family and the parish.
What should the economy of these communities look like?
AProperty widely distributed among families and small producers.
DistributismThree acres and a cow.BA social market economy, with subsidiarity and social security.
Christian democracyPerson, family, common good.CTrade corporations uniting employers and workers.
Christian corporatismCapital and labour, one body.
BThe town and the local community.
What should bind local communities together?
ABonds of virtue and shared responsibility.
CommunitarianismThe self is always situated.BSelf-sufficiency, small scale and their own economies.
LocalismSmall is beautiful.CA federation of direct-democratic assemblies.
Libertarian municipalismThe city as assembly.
CNature and future generations.
How should we respond to the ecological crisis?
ABy reforming market and state with green policies.
Green politicsThink globally, act locally.BBy moving beyond capitalism through social ownership and democratic planning.
Eco-socialismNo ecology without the end of capital.CBy reducing production and consumption; living better with less.
DegrowthLiving better with less.DBy conserving the inherited landscape and place, as a duty of inheritance.
Green conservatismConserving our common home.
House of Liberty
“The liberty of the individual, secured by property and contract, is the first political value.”
Should there be any state at all?
ANone: every function can be provided voluntarily.
How should land be appropriated?
ALike any other good: by first appropriation and exchange.
How do we reach a stateless society?
ACounter-economics: living and trading outside the state, starting now.
AgorismCounter-economics, starting now.BThrough moral persuasion and the gradual expansion of markets.
Anarcho-capitalismProperty, contract, nothing more.CThrough covenant communities, with firm cultural norms and the right to exclude.
PaleolibertarianismFree markets, firm mores.DThrough courts and protection agencies competing with one another.
Polycentric lawMany courts, no sovereign.
BBy occupancy and use: whoever stops using it stops owning it.
MutualismReciprocity without masters.CLand is common; whoever uses it exclusively compensates the community.
GeoanarchismThe land is everyone's; the rest belongs to its maker.
BOnly the minimum: courts, police and defence.
What grounds the rights this state protects?
ANatural rights, prior to any government.
MinarchismThe state as night-watchman.BObjective reason: each person is an end in themselves and lives for their own sake.
ObjectivismReason, egoism, capitalism.CUtility: free markets produce more well-being for everyone.
Consequentialist libertarianismLiberty works.DTradition: a small state protects family, faith and custom.
FusionismLiberty as means, virtue as end.
CA limited state, but with some functions beyond security.
Beyond protecting rights, what else is government for?
AGuaranteeing a simple safety net, such as a basic income.
Bleeding-heart libertarianismFree markets, tender heart.BFunding itself solely through a tax on land value.
GeorgismThe land belongs to all; its fruit, to those who labour.CPreserving the rule of law and free trade — and little else.
Classical liberalismLimited government, equal law for all.DMaintaining competition rules that prevent monopolies and cartels.
OrdoliberalismA free market within an order.
House of Equality
“No freedom is real while economic domination persists; equality comes first.”
What should become of the means of production?
ARemain largely private, with strong redistribution.
How should markets and equality be balanced?
AA universal welfare state, funded by progressive taxation.
Social democracyA tamed market, full citizenship.BEqual opportunity and civil rights, with ample room for the market.
Social liberalismReal freedom requires real conditions.CInvesting in education and capabilities, while embracing the global economy.
Third WayNeither maximal state nor unbridled market.
BBecome social, by a democratic and gradual path.
How should a socialised economy work?
ASelf-managed cooperatives competing in a market.
Market socialismWorkers' firms, a market between them.BDemocratic planning of the major economic decisions.
Democratic socialismDemocracy in the economy too.CWorkers' guilds organised by trade.
Guild socialismThe trade governs the trade.
CBecome social, through a revolutionary rupture.
After the revolution, what should the role of the state be?
AA transitional workers' state, led by a vanguard party.
What is the right strategy for the revolution?
ABuilding socialism in one country, with central planning.
Marxism-LeninismVanguard, plan, revolution.BPermanent, international revolution, against bureaucratisation.
TrotskyismPermanent revolution.CPeople's war from the countryside and continuous cultural revolution.
MaoismThe countryside surrounds the city.
BElected, recallable workers' councils, with no leading party.
Council communismAll power to the councils.CNone: the state must be abolished along with capital.
How would society be organised without state or capital?
AFederated communes, with distribution according to need.
Anarcho-communismFrom each according to their ability…BRevolutionary unions that self-manage production.
Anarcho-syndicalismThe union is the seed of the future society.CEcological municipalities governed by direct-democratic assemblies.
Libertarian municipalismThe city as assembly.
House of Method
“More important than the ideal arrangement is the fair procedure by which arrangements are chosen.”
What matters most in a political order?
AHow it is adopted: everyone should be able to choose their own regime.
How should different regimes coexist?
ANon-territorial governments, chosen the way one chooses an insurer.
PanarchismEveryone chooses their own government.BVery different communities under a common minimum of toleration.
Liberal archipelagoMany islands, one common sea.CCompeting legal systems, with no territorial monopoly on law.
Polycentric lawMany courts, no sovereign.
BThe outcome: whatever works, regardless of doctrine.
How do we know what works?
ABy testing gradual reforms and weighing the evidence.
Pragmatic centrismWhatever works, without dogma.BBy calculating the aggregate welfare of each alternative.
Political utilitarianismThe greatest happiness of the greatest number.CBy entrusting the decision to experts.
TechnocracyTo govern is to solve problems.
CCollective decision: the democratic procedure legitimises the result.
Which democratic procedure is the most legitimate?
ADirect votes: referendums, initiatives, assemblies.
Direct democracyThe people decide, without intermediaries.BAssemblies of citizens chosen by lot.
Sortition democracyAnyone can govern.CMixed, contestable institutions that prevent any domination.
Civic republicanismTo be free is to have no master.
On which branch do you end up?
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